School Leadership Factors and Green School Effectiveness in Model Schools of Islamabad: A Correlational Study
Keywords:
School Leadership, Green School Effectiveness, Teacher Cooperation, Financial Resources, Environmental Sustainability, Model SchoolsAbstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the school leadership factors and the impact of the green school in the model secondary schools in Islamabad. It specifically aims to identify the relationship between leadership competencies, financial resources, and teachers' collaboration, and their relationship to the effective implementation of green school practices. A quantitative correlational research design was used. The teachers and school heads from the Model Secondary Schools under the Federal Directorate of Education (FDE), Islamabad, participated in the study. 200 respondents were randomly selected. Structured questionnaires were used as a data collection tool. Items were adapted from the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) developed by Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2004) for the measurement of skills related to leadership, and 45 items were adapted from recent research on green schools and sustainable educational practices. IBM SPSS Statistics Version 27 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used to answer the research objectives. The findings indicated a positive relationship between leadership skills, financial resources, and teacher cooperation and the effectiveness of the green school. Of these, leadership skills showed the highest relationship, teacher cooperation had a moderate positive relationship, and financial resources had a moderate positive relationship. The results indicate that good leadership, adequate funding, and good teamwork between teachers facilitate the successful implementation of environmental work in schools. The study offers valuable information for Model Schools leaders, teachers, and education policymakers to enhance environmental sustainability and green school practices.
Downloads
References
Afrikanov, L. (2023). Green education for primary teachers in Bulgaria, Romania and Serbia: Theoretical and practical model. Bulgarian Union of Teachers. ISBN:978-954-9924-26-8
Afzal, A., Naseer, R., & Jamil, M. (2026). Role of school leadership in teacher development: Head teachers' beliefs and practices. The Journal of Research Review, 3(2), 83–92. https://thejrr.com/index.php/39/article/view/281
Alkhamaiseh, R., Bailey, R., & Jarvis, A. (2025). Definitions of sustainable leadership in education: A systematic review and analysis. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 20(3), 280-297. https://doi.org/10.1177/19427751241283029
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. Free Press.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Sage.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1995). Multifactor leadership questionnaire manual. Mind Garden.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). Sage.
Dağdeviren-Ertaş, B. (2024). Examining the role of sustainable leadership in school effectiveness. International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Education, 8(2), 86-100. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijiape.2024.1077.1
Ghamrawi, N. (2023). Toward Agenda 2030 in education: Policies and practices for effective school leadership. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 22(2), 325-347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10671-023-09341-8
Global Education Monitoring Report Team. (2024). Global education monitoring report 2024/25: Leadership in education: Lead for learning. UNESCO.
Habib, S. (2024). Eco-friendly practices in school management: A case study of sustainability in Pakistani elementary schools. Journal of Education and Social Studies, 5(2), 571-577. https://doi.org/10.52223/jess.2024.5236
Haram., Sikandar, J., Hadiya, S., & Jamil, M. (2026). Leadership practices used by school leaders to foster 21st century skills among elementary school students: A phenomenological study. Physical Education, Health and Social Sciences, 4(2), 291-299. https://doi.org/10.63163/jpehss.v4i2.1417
Husin, A., Helmi, H., Nengsih, Y. K., & Rendana, M. (2025). Environmental education in schools: Sustainability and hope. Discover Sustainability, 6, Article 41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-00837-2
Jamil, M., Sewani, R., & Muhammad, N. (2024). Leadership practices of head teachers: Primary school teachers’ perspective in public schools of Punjab. Research Journal for Societal Issues, 6(1), 83–92. https://doi.org/56976/rjsi.v6i1.178
Kandemir, A. (2024). The mediating role of school effectiveness in the relationship between transformational leadership and workplace exclusion. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, Article 1475156. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1475156
Khasawneh, Y. J. A., Alsarayreh, R., Ajlouni, A. A. A., Eyadat, H. M., Ayasrah, M. N., & Khasawneh, M. A. S. (2023). An examination of teacher collaboration in professional learning communities and collaborative teaching practices. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 10(3), 446-452. https://doi.org/10.20448/jeelr.v10i3.4841
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
Leithwood, K., Harris, A., & Hopkins, D. (2020). Seven strong claims about successful school leadership revisited. School Leadership & Management, 40(1), 5-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2019.1596077
Nilawati, N., Murniati, M., Husaini, H., & Aulia, M. (2025). Social leadership and educational transformation enhance green school culture, overcoming challenges for teachers and management. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 8(3), 2084-2103.
https://doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v8i3.6947
Perveen, B. K., & Begum, J. (2025). A comparative analysis of sustainability leadership practices of principals at higher secondary schools. Global Social Sciences Review, 10(2), 104-112. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).08
Pirzada, G., Rafique, A., & Jamil, M. (2023a). Conceptions of sustainable and green entrepreneurial art & design projects: A qualitative study. Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences, 4(4), 273-284.
https://doi.org/10.55737/qjss.010215724
Pirzada, G., Naz, M., & Jamil, M. (2023b). Incorporating green skills in vocational education & training in Pakistan: The educators’ perspectives. Journal of Social Sciences Review, 3(1), 42-52.
https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i1.121
Taber, K. S. (2018). The use of Cronbach's alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Research in Science Education, 48, 1273-1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2
Taherdoost, H. (2016). Validity and reliability of the research instrument: How to test the validation of a questionnaire/survey in research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 5(3), 28-36.
UNESCO. (2021). Reimagining our futures together: A new social contract for education. UNESCO.
UNESCO. (2024a). Green school quality standard: Greening every learning environment. UNESCO.
UNESCO. (2024b). Greening curriculum guidance: Teaching and learning for climate action. UNESCO.
UNESCO. (2024c). Greening Education Partnership: Getting every learner climate-ready. UNESCO.
UN. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. United Nations.
Urooj, T., Kamran, F., Quratulain, & Jamil, M. (2024). Head teachers' perspectives and implementation of green leadership in Pakistani secondary schools. Journal for Social Science Archives, 2(2), 369-377.
https://doi.org/10.59075/jssa.v2i2.67
Yuan, X., Yu, L., Li, X., Luo, J., She, H., Yang, J., Lin, Z., Zhao, J., Zhao, F., Meng, R., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2024). Promoting education for sustainable development through the green school program to achieve SDGs: Insights from a case study of Beijing's primary and secondary schools. International Journal of Chinese Education, 13(2).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Farah Gul, Dr. Asghar Abbas, Dr. Tanzeela Urooj (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.



