Research Journal of Human and Social Aspects
The Research Journal of Human and Social Aspects (RJHSA) is an open-access, double-blind, peer-reviewed international journal that includes empirical research, theoretical articles, case studies, systematic literature reviews, and meta-analyses. The journal is approved by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan for the year 2026-2027 from April 2026 to December 2027. The journal team is striving hard to get it indexed with the Directory of Open Access Journals and other relevant prestigious indexing agencies. By keeping in view the mission of the Publisher, the Centre for Children Literacy and Lifelong Learning, the RJHSA focuses on research topics i.e., Education and Lifelong Learning, Sociology and Social Policy, Psychological Sciences, Political Science and Governance, Human Rights and Social Justice, Cultural and Communication Studies, Gender and Identity, Economics, Business and Management Sciences, etc. For details, visit Aim & Scope Desk Review Time: 1 week (Average) Peer-review Process: 8 weeks (Average) Acceptance Rate: 58% Note: The Journal did not charge any submission, processing, or publication fees to the authors. For detailed guidance, visit Author Guidelines
Sovereign Territorialities and Environmental Challenges: Regional Environmental Complexes, Polycentric Regimes, and Climate Governance in South Asia
South Asia is among the most climate vulnerable regions in the world, but its environmental governance is stuck in a state-driven political framework. This paper looks at the conflict of sovereignty and trans-boundary ecological systems in South Asia. It presents suggestions that the challenge of climate change in the region is not only a ‘technical' one of adaptation, but also a ‘diplomatic' one of weak cooperation. It is a structural governance issue that emerges when two logics clash: the tragedy of the commons (where shared ecological systems are "taken for granted" by actors acting at their own level of authority) and the sovereignty dilemma (that states do not wish to be bound by regional institutions due to the fact that territorial sovereignty is the dominant norm for regional politics). The paper builds on the notion that “Regional Environmental Complex” is a term for ecological systems that extend beyond state boundaries and need to be governed beyond the limitations of national planning. These complexes comprise the Himalayan cryosphere, the Indus-Ganga-Brahmaputra river systems, the Indo-Gangetic airshed and the larger delta zone of the Bay of Bengal. The paper links this concept with regime theory and polycentric governance in international policy development, and posits the concept of Regional Environmental Complexes as sub-regional ecological regime complexes within a wider climate regime complex.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Sehar Sabir, Dr. Shah Rukh Hashmi , Sumayya Bibi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Silent Pressure: A Phenomenological Study of the Mental-Health Impact of Student Political Groups on Non-Political University Students in Pakistan
This study explored how non-political university students experience and relate to the presence of student political groups on their campus, with particular attention to their mental health and well-being. While scholarship on campus politics in Pakistan is extensive, it has concentrated on political activists, leaving the large, largely silent non-political majority under-examined. This study, which took an interpretivist-phenomenological approach, interviewed 16 purposefully sampled, non-political university students from a public-sector university in Lahore by means of semi-structured interviews that were subsequently analysed using reflexive thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2006). It was underpinned by the spirality of silence, social identity theory, and the transactional model of stress and coping. A six theme set was generated, which reflected on implicit monitoring, self-censorship, compromised routines, stress and emotional suffering, diversified responses, and the need for neutral and safe environments. The researchers concluded that rather than explicit intimidation, perceived political threat materialises in self-imposed silent vigilance at the cost of self-expression, sense of belonging and university life. Neutrality needed to be safeguarded and confidential, depoliticized support service needs to be instituted.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hafiz Muhammad Noman Saeed, Zobia Kanwal, Naveed ur Rehman Hashmi, Khurram Shahzad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Gendered Impacts of Economic Sanctions on Women’s Socioeconomic Rights in Iran
This study examines the gendered influences of economic sanctions on womens socioeconomic rights in Iran. Depiction on feminist political economy and human security frameworks, the studies argues that sanctions are not gender-independent as a substitute, they intensify existing social and economic inequalities that disproportionately have an effect on women. The study explores how prolonged sanctions have recommended Iranian womens access to employment possibilities, profits protection, entrepreneurship, healthcare, schooling, and other vital social offerings. It further highlights the opinions of susceptible groups, along with horrific women, rural communities, and lady-headed households, who face multiple layers of marginalization underneath monetary guidelines. The findings monitor that sanctions have contributed to growing poverty, reduced womens participation in the labor marketplace, accelerated financial dependency, and restricted get admission to less expensive healthcare and education. In addition, the worsening monetary situations have strengthened traditional gender roles and slowed development towards gender equality and womens empowerment in Iran. By arranging womens lived reports, this study gives a deeper knowledge of the humanitarian results of sanctions and emphasizes the significance of adopting gender-touchy procedures in global economic and political regulations. The research concludes that sanctions no longer best create financial problem however additionally undermine womens socioeconomic rights and long-time period human protection.
Copyright (c) 2025 Research Journal of Human and Social Aspects https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
From Marginalization to Reformation: A Socio-Ecological Analysis of Juvenile Delinquency and Rehabilitative Efficacy in District Jail Lahore
This research work highlights the issues of “Juvenile Delinquency” in the criminal justice system of Pakistan. It examines the social, economic and psychological factors that compels minors into criminal activities. Major Key factors of juvenile delinquency that came out after the study interviews of the minors indicate that Poverty, broken family, Domestic Violence, wrong peer group’s influence, vulnerability to different gangs and lack of education are prime contributors to juvenile crimes. This study also sheds light on the role of Pakistan’s Legal Frame work and the working of Criminal Justice System including Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) 1860, Juvenile Justice System Act of 2018 and different Provincial child protections laws dealing with Juvenile offenders. This study also explores the facilities of education, sports, vocational training, healthcare and religious learning available to these minors in the Juvenile ward of District Jail Lahore and what kind of impact these facilities are creating on the minor offenders of jail. The policies and strategies which are addressing these juvenile delinquents confined in different jails of Pakistan need more and effective reforms.
Copyright (c) 2024 Research Journal of Human and Social Aspects https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Digital Health Landscape in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Public and Private Sector Web Services
As internet technologies continue to transform organizational workflows, the delivery of health services has increasingly shifted toward digital platforms. This study evaluates the content, design, and accessibility of 15 major health-related websites in Pakistan, ranging from federal ministries to private organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO). Using a multi-stage search methodology via Google, the research assesses these platforms based on established criteria including content depth, aesthetic appeal, authority of source, and currency of information. Findings reveal that while all selected websites offer free access and provide critical public service information, their user experience varies significantly. Many government portals lack mobile responsiveness and consistent updates, though some platforms, such as the KPK Health Department, have successfully integrated interactive features like "Citizen’s Corners". The study concludes that while Pakistan has established a foundational digital health presence, there is an urgent need for enhanced interactivity, regular content maintenance, and improved user-centric design to better serve the general public, patients, and caregivers.
Barriers to Eradication: Assessing Community Perceptions and Vaccination Practices Against Polio in Bannu, Pakistan
Pakistan remains one of the last global strongholds for the wild poliovirus (WPV), with the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, specifically districts like Bannu, facing persistent challenges to eradication. This study evaluates community perceptions and vaccination practices in Bannu to identify the socio-cultural and structural barriers hindering immunization efforts. Utilizing a quantitative review of existing literature and regional data, the study identifies widespread misconceptions, including the belief that vaccines are a tool for family planning or are religiously impermissible. Results indicate that while general awareness of polio exists, trust in government-sponsored initiatives is low due to security concerns, financial constraints, and a lack of health literacy among local influencers. The research highlights that the intersection of religious restrictions and social traditionalism accounts for a 90% refusal rate in certain high-risk demographics. To achieve a polio-free status, the study recommends socially sensitive training for local journalists, direct community mobilization through trusted religious leaders, and improved management of immunization supply chains to bridge the gap between awareness and vaccine acceptance.
The Nexus of Parental Involvement and Socio-Cultural Dynamics in Shaping Children’s Reading Habits: A Systematic Review of Global Literacy Practices
This study investigates the critical role of parental involvement in the development of children's reading habits through a systematic analysis of existing global literature. Utilizing a robust methodology, the research synthesizes findings from major academic databases including Scopus, ERIC, and Google Scholar to examine how home literacy environments, parental educational levels, and socio-economic status intersect to influence childhood literacy. The results underscore that parental engagement is not a monolithic construct but a multi-dimensional influence encompassing the provision of reading materials, interactive reading sessions, and the modeling of reading behaviors. Socio-cultural factors emerge as significant mediators, where the home literacy environment acts as a bridge between formal schooling and informal habit formation. The study reveals that active parental interaction significantly correlates with higher reading motivation and comprehension skills in children. However, disparities in socio-economic status often limit the quality of resources available, creating a "literacy gap" in early childhood. This research concludes that fostering sustainable reading habits requires a collaborative approach between the family unit and educational institutions. Recommendations focus on implementing community-based parental training programs and enhancing home-school literacy partnerships to ensure equitable reading development across diverse social strata.
Child Abuse and its impact on Mental Health
Child abuse is a widespread and complex issue which happens to affect millions of children worldwide. The environment of family, bonds between parent-child, and parenting methods have high level of impact on children's mental health and personality. However, some parents knowingly or unknowingly end up hurting their children, which results in affecting them negatively creating an unstable personality and mindset. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that six out of 10 children of 5years below or above undergo physical and psychological violence. Child abuse leads to outcome of lifelong mental instability and disconnection with people, also physical harm includes impaired immune and nervous system development. Children who go through intense physical abuse often experience psychological health problems, including headaches, cancer, heart disease, and substance abuse. Long-term consequences include mental and physical health problems, such as inflammatory bowel disease, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and heart disease. Addressing child abuse in any society requires cooperation from society, government and institutions so we can avoid and alleviate its destructive effects
The Impact of Parental Involvement on the Development of Children’s Reading Habits: A Systematic Review of Domestic and Educational Interventions
This study systematically investigates the correlation between parental involvement and the formation of sustainable reading habits in children. Utilizing a multi-dimensional search strategy across databases such as ERIC, PsycINFO, and Education Source, the research synthesizes diverse viewpoints on family engagement in literacy. The findings underscore that parental activity is a primary determinant of a child’s reading behavior, extending beyond simple supervision to include active modeling and the creation of a dynamic home literacy environment. The study identifies that when parents engage in shared reading, provide diverse literacy materials, and demonstrate a personal valuation of reading, children exhibit significantly higher levels of reading motivation and comprehension. However, barriers such as limited parental time and lack of resources in low socio-economic households remain significant challenges. The research concludes that a "culture of reading" is most effectively fostered when home-based activities are synchronized with school-led initiatives. Recommendations include the development of parent-teacher collaborative frameworks and community-based literacy programs to empower parents as the primary architects of their children’s intellectual growth.
Digital Justice in Pakistan: A Critical Evaluation of Judicial Web Portals and Legal Databases
This study aims to critically evaluate the appropriateness, functionality, and usefulness of the official websites representing the judiciary of Pakistan. To achieve a comprehensive assessment, thirteen websites were purposively selected based on the hierarchical structure of the Pakistani legal system, encompassing administrative bodies, the superior judiciary, and various high courts. The evaluative framework focused on several key performance indicators, including content depth, updating frequency, structural organization, navigational integrity, and the inclusion of effective digital tools designed for efficient information dissemination. The findings reveal a significant disparity in digital maturity across the judicial hierarchy. A majority of the investigated platforms were found to be poorly structured and ill-designed, often characterized by unprofessional navigation and the provision of only basic-level information. Critical issues such as broken links, stagnant content—with some sites not updated since 2012—and the absence of advanced search functionalities were prevalent. Conversely, certain platforms, notably the High Court of Balochistan, demonstrated superior design, user-friendly bilingual interfaces, and dynamic information management. It further emphasizes the necessity for regular maintenance protocols and the integration of interactive features to fulfill the public's right to digital legal information effectively.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science: 2007-2015
This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science (MJLIS) across three distinct timeframes: 1996–2000, 2001–2006, and 2007–2015. By examining 270 articles, the research identifies evolving trends in publication volume, authorship patterns, geographical distribution, and citation behaviors. Findings reveal a steady increase in total publications and a significant shift toward collaborative authorship, with double authorship becoming the most prevalent pattern by 2015. Malaysia and India remain the primary contributing nations, though the journal has seen increasing international diversity from countries like Iran and Thailand. Citation analysis indicates a substantial growth in the number of references per article and a notable rise in both author and journal self-citation rates in recent years. The study concludes that MJLIS has matured into a significant regional hub for library and information science research, characterized by longer, more deeply referenced, and increasingly collaborative scholarly outputs.
Socio-Political Recognition and Marginalization: An Evaluation of Transgender Rights and Challenges in Pakistan
The transgender community in Pakistan, historically referred to as Khawajasira, occupies a complex position at the intersection of cultural recognition and systemic marginalization. This study evaluates the socio-political status and rights of transgender individuals, focusing on the barriers to education, employment, and social inclusion. Utilizing a qualitative systematic review of literature from databases such as JSTOR, Google Scholar, and Emerald, the research analyzes the gap between legislative progress—specifically the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act—and the ground realities of discrimination. Findings indicate that educational exclusion leads to an "anonymity of profession," where individuals are forced into marginalized occupations such as begging or street performing due to a lack of honorable employment opportunities. Furthermore, psychological factors such as resilience and life satisfaction are heavily impacted by social stigma. The study concludes that legal recognition alone is insufficient; socio-economic empowerment and societal sensitization are required to transition the community from the margins to the mainstream. Recommendations focus on policy implementation for inclusive education and workplace quotas
Subsurface Disposal of Coal-Mine Wastewater in Tharparkar, Sindh for Safeguarding Fresh Water Aquifers & Farmlands
The Thar coalfield in Sindh, Pakistan, generates substantial volumes of wastewater during dewatering operations. Surface disposal of this saline and high-TDS water has caused soil salinization, destruction of farmland, and contamination of shallow freshwater aquifers. This paper proposes adopting deep disposal wells similar to those routinely used in the oil and gas industry to safely manage mines wastewater. Leveraging both newly drilled wells and abandoned oil & gas wells in the surrounding region could reduce cost, protect agricultural land, and safeguard local communities. This study assesses the hydrogeologic context, evaluates risks, and provides a phased roadmap with policy recommendations for the Sindh Government and mining companies.
Crime or Deterrence: The Role of Capital Punishment in Preventing Crime
The death penalty, also known as capital punishment, is a legal method in which a person is killed by a formal courtroom for murder as punishment. "The term capital begins with a Latin underwrite in the proper sense of 'head-to-head' (implying execution by beheading)." This article highlights the topic of the death penalty in society, provides a holistic view of the death penalty, and points out the controversies surrounding the implementation of the death penalty. Everywhere, interest in the abolition of the death penalty has widened in recent years. However, 56 countries, including Pakistan, consider sentencing an important part of their prison system. Pakistan uses a special phrase to solve the fate of the perpetrators in around 27 different crimes. This document aims to review and share Pakistan's perspective as a Muslim nation. In this way, this research first elucidates the Islamic perspective and then internationally, also emphasizes the importance of the death penalty as deterrence.
Sociocultural Barriers and the "High-Context" Challenge to Inclusion
This research explores the sociocultural dimensions of disability in 21st-century Japan, focusing on the impact of "high-context" communication and societal stigma. In Japan’s high-context culture, meaning is often conveyed through implicit cues, silence, and social harmony (wa). For children with developmental or intellectual disabilities who may struggle with subtle interpersonal dynamics, this communication style poses a significant barrier to social integration. Through a thematic content analysis of existing literature, this article identifies deep-seated prejudices, such as the perception of disability as a sign of a "spoiled child," which contribute to the marginalization of nearly 356,000 special-needs children. Social isolation is further exacerbated by serious bullying incidents and a lack of community awareness. The study examines how these cultural patterns influence family dynamics, often forcing families into a cycle of secrecy to avoid social shame. Findings suggest that while inclusive education policies exist, they are frequently undermined by traditional norms that prioritize collective conformity over individual difference. The paper argues for a paradigm shift in social awareness, moving from sympathy to empowerment. Recommendations include large-scale advocacy campaigns and the adoption of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) to foster empathy and bridge the gap between "regular" and "special" societal tracks.
Pashtoon Jirga system: A Traditional Approach to Justice
This paper examines the history, cultural significance, and legal issues of the Jirga system, with particular regard to the way it compares to the international human-rights frameworks. The major issue with Jirgas is that they are unofficial. Universal Declaration of Human rights (UDHR), international covenant on civil and political rights (ICCPR), conventions on elimination of all forms of discrimination against women (CEDAW) all international human-rights treaties also denounce the Jirga system. Such international documents emphasize fairness, equality and due process-ideas that are usually disregarded by the traditional Jirga ruling. These are issues, but Jirgas continue to play a significant role in the life of the tribes. Reforms are becoming necessary in order to strike a balance between tradition and law protection. One of the solutions that are promising is an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanism of taking Jirgas into the formal legal framework. The Quran places strong emphasis on justice and equity and reads, "O you who believe! Stand out firmly for justice, as witnesses to Allah, even if it be against yourselves, or your parents, or your kin, or the rich or the poor." (Quran 4:135), ideals which should direct any dispute resolution system.
The Russia-Ukraine conflict and the Global Security Order: Realist understanding of NATO'S Strategic Responses
The Ukraine and Russia war has essentially troubled the global security directive, decoration a decisive change in contemporary superb power political affairs and a great concentration war in modern Europe and the war has redesigned confined and global security edifices while instantaneously producing severe charitable significances. Ukraine deliberate area expressly alongside the Black Sea, has located on the center of geopolitical contestation among Russia and NATO. Meanwhile the proceedings of 2014 and which includes Russia seizure of Crimea and NATO borne eastward rendezvous Ukraine has arose as an energetic liability line confidential the developing disagreement amongst the East and the West. The enormous scales appreciation of the fight in 2022 and which caused inside the profession of about 17 to 20 percentages of Ukrainian land by using Russian militaries, has more deepened security quandaries crossways Eastern Europe. This study works qualitative studies process founded entirely on secondary resources and approves a descriptive and prognostic research design and using and offensive Realism as the theoretical framework the research analyzes NATO deliberate replies to the conflict, accentuating power expansion alliance and preemption conduct inside revolutionary international device. NATO whereabouts practically reservation tactical supremacy pawn Russian imperialism and redesign the international security order.
Health Access, Family Burden, and the Mental Health Matrix in Japan
This study analyzes the intersection of healthcare access, family caregiving burdens, and mental health services for children with special needs in Japan. Utilizing demographic data and health reports, the article identifies a critical "mental health matrix" where specialized psychiatric care is alarmingly scarce, particularly in rural areas. While 24-hour pediatric inpatient services are physically accessible to most children within 60 minutes, highly specialized care for "medical complexity" remains concentrated in urban centers, imposing significant travel burdens on families. Qualitative analysis reveals that mothers bear a disproportionate share of the emotional and physical caregiving load, often resulting in high levels of psychological distress and depression. The research evaluates the "Family APGAR" scores in Japanese contexts, noting that family functioning is negatively impacted by the chronic nature of disabilities and inadequate social support. Furthermore, the study critiques the existing child welfare system for its disconnect from mental health services, leaving traumatized or neurodivergent children underserved. The article concludes that a coordinated, multi-sector strategy—linking education, health, and employment—is essential. It advocates for home-visiting medical services and increased financial allowances to mitigate the economic strain on families and facilitate the transition of special-needs individuals into meaningful adult participation.
Investigating the Carbon Footprint of an Institution: The Case of BUITEMS
Climate change has made it important for institutions to estimate and minimize their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study estimates the carbon footprint of Balochistan University of Information Technology and Management Sciences (BUITEMS) for the period of 2023-2024. The main aim was to use a multi-regional input-output model and to estimate the influence of energy-saving measures. The study was implemented at BUITEMS Takatu campus, located in western Quetta, which covers an area of 100-150 acres. Data were systematized based on GHG etiquette into Range 1 (direct emissions), Range 2 (indirect emissions for electricity purchase), and Range 3(other indirect emissions, including transport and waste). Emissions coefficients from IPPC guidelines and pre-existing studies were used to evaluate the emissions. The Study findings demonstrated that Range 1 emissions were the maximum observed, 591,613,018 kg CO2e. Although Range 1 and 2 were minimal. The limitation is 500 kg CO2e per student annually. Buitems Emissions was below the limit, and its carbon footprint was below the average among the universities in Pakistan. This research highlights BUITEMS' sustainable activities that align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 12 and SDG 13).
Copyright (c) 2026 Research Journal of Human and Social Aspects https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
From Policy to Practice: Evaluating the Implementation Gap in the Punjab Protection of Women Against Violence Act (2016)
In this paper, the author explores the implementation gap of the Punjab Protection of Women Against Violence Act (PPWVA, 2016) by looking at the institutional mechanisms that the act created and how it has been hindered as well as the implications that the act may have to the safety of women in Punjab. It answers three questions which include how institutions established in response to the Act operate, the main barriers to enforcement, and the reforms needed to enhance performance. The study applies the qualitative content-analysis design to study those secondary sources that have been purposely selected, i.e., the full text of the PPWVA, the official sources like SSDO (2024), and the scholarly review and the case of Noor Mukadam to exemplify these. The review was conducted by a document-analysis protocol/case-study frame. The results indicate that there is a large gap between the institutional provisions of the Act and its implementation. The PPWVA is based on the envision of Violence Against Women Centres (VAWCs), District Protection Committee, and Women Protection Officer, however, there are two active VAWCs and very few active district protection committees. The paper suggests the expansion and proper resourcing of VAWCs.
Punjab Protection of Women Against Violence Act
“Effectiveness of Rapid Needs Assessments in Enhancing Disaster Response Operation in Pakistan”
This importation of RNAs has been especially evident especially when a substantial disaster has occurred like the Kashmir Earthquake of 2005 and the 2022 Monsoon Floods. Despite this, over time, there have been methodological improvements in RNAs that include the integration of digital technologies and that is, the use of mobile-based data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) that have improved the timeliness and accuracy of assessments. In spite of these improvements, there are still several systemic barriers that continue to affect the effectiveness of RNAs in Pakistan. These include lack of standardized evaluation systems, lack of technical capacity at the local levels, lack of community mobilization and inadequate inter-agency coordination. These limitations mainly lead to fragmentation of data, repetition of efforts and slow or poorly informed responses. In order to maximize the usefulness of RNAs in their operations, there is an urgent necessity to create and establish standardized procedures that can be used consistently under a range of disasters. The targeted training of local capacity, as well as the allocation of resources will create central solutions to increasing the reliability of the data, strategic planning, and the overall integrity of the disaster response activities in Pakistan.
The Impact of Trumpism on Global Nuclear Nonproliferation
For decades, global nonproliferation measures have provided strategic stability to control the proliferation of nuclear weapons to ensure international security and peace. However, the rise of Trumpism has signalled a significant shift in US foreign policy from multi-lateral liberalism to interest-driven policy. Donald Trump with his unilateralism, isolationism and transaction diplomacy have far-reaching effects on longstanding global nuclear nonproliferation and arms control frameworks. By utilising qualitative research methodology and secondary data sources, this article examines Trump’s policy impact on significant case studies: The Iran nuclear deal (JCPOA), East Asia (Japan, south and north Korea) security dynamics, and strategic competition between US, Russia and China. The research highlights the effect of the US withdrawal from key agreements has created on the strategic instability and nuclear tensions among states. The findings of the research indicates that the shift from a collaborative nuclear diplomacy towards interest driven diplomacy might threaten to undermine existing nuclear norms, raise tensions in regions and intensified strategic rivalry among the US, Russia and China.
Youth Climate Activism and Intergenerational Justice: A Review of Social Movements and Policy Influence
Philanthropic Diplomacy: Pakistan's Humanitarian Response to Gaza Crisis
The idea of philanthropic diplomacy is an essential part of the overall humanitarian intervention in the world, which allows countries to provide aid internationally in times of crisis. The way Pakistan has reacted to the Gaza crisis can be considered an all-inclusive response involving diplomacy and philanthropy. Through the organization, coordination of relief efforts has been done, through mobilization of resources, diplomatic efforts to contact with regional players and through efforts to assist with the international humanitarian organizations, led by government agencies and other non-governmental organization like the Al Khidmat Foundation Pakistan. The successful deployment of food and medical supplies to Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon which illustrates Pakistan is making good use of the humanitarian diplomacy to assist the Palestinian cause. Nevertheless, issues like geopolitical issues, logistical issues, and diplomatic pre-approvals are crucial problems. The article highlights how multilateral cooperation is important in achieving effective and prompt provision of relief. Through the integrity of its philanthropic diplomacy, Pakistan is able to meet the emergency needs of humans, enhance its place in the international community, reinforce global unity, and defend the human dignity amid challenges.
Impact of NGOs and CBOs Participation on Students Political Knowledge and Awareness in Pakistan
This study examines the effect of engagement with Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Community Based Organizations (CBOs) on Political knowledge and awareness of university students of Pakistan. Using a quantitative survey of 191 students, the results show significant positive relationship between NGO/CBO involvement to political awareness (r = .262, p < 0.01; v = .262, p < 0.001). Similar levels between genders were found but male students showed higher levels of political knowledge (p = 0.013). Grounded in the Civic Voluntarism, Social Capital and Political Efficacy theories, the research concludes that the role of NGOs and CBOs as informal stage for political learning positively adds up to the youth's civic competence in furthering democratic participation in Pakistan.
Rehabilitation vs. Punishment: What Works Best for Drugs Offenders?
The article looks at the ongoing debate over how the justice system should handle drug offenses should the focus be on punishment or rehabilitation? While punishment relies on jail time to deter crime, rehabilitation treats addiction as a health issues, helping people recover and rebuild their lives. Research shows that’s looking ups drug offenders often doesn’t stop them from the reoffending, while rehabs programs lead to the better outcomes, lower relapse rates, and even save money in the long runs. Real life examples and the ethical arguments support the ideas that treatment works better than punishment. The article makes the case for shifting polices toward rehabilitations, prioritizing healing and the reintegration over harsh penalties.
CPEC and Structural Economic Dependence: A Dependency Theory Analysis of Chinese FDI and Pakistan’s Growth Trajectory (2020-2025)
This paper analyzes the economic consequences of the Chinese investment in Pakistan within the framework of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) between the years 2020 and 2025 The results show that Chinese FDI has emerged as the major source of foreign capital and thus restrict diversification of investments and reduce bargaining power of Pakistan. Sectoral patterns indicate a strong focus on investment in the energy and transport infrastructure, whereas the pace at which Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are being developed is very slow and the shift to productivity-oriented industrialization is hindered. Taken altogether, these findings support the central thesis of Dependency Theory, which indicate that the process of the inclusion of Pakistan into CPEC is certain to reproduce core periphery relationships more and more. This paper concludes that, unless the institutional reinforcement, diversification of investment partners, and faster industrialization is introduced to the country, long-term economic independence of Pakistan would remain diluted in the growing dependency on China.
Cyber-warfare Versus Cyber-terrorism: An Emerging 21st Century Trend
The rapid evolution and interconnectedness of cyberspace, driven by technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, have created a landscape highly vulnerable to sophisticated cyber threats. This paper analyzes the emerging trends and methodologies of cyber-attacks, focusing on the concepts of cyber-warfare and cyber-terrorism. Advanced Persistent Threats (APT), Island Hopping, and attacks leveraging Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) policies and SCADA systems are detailed as key offensive strategies. The analysis highlights how terrorist organizations like Al Qaeda and Hezbollah exploit cyberspace for fundraising and information warfare. It differentiates cyber-terrorism—unlawful attacks causing violence or harm to coerce government or people for political objectives—from broader information warfare. Given the low entry barriers for attackers, the widespread prevalence of cybercrime, and the increasing economic dependency on information infrastructure, the paper concludes that robust cyber defense strategies are essential. Recommendations include strengthening international cooperation, establishing quick response teams, and employing layered counter-strategies such as Denial and Deception (D&D) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) methods to secure the cyber domain.
Impact of student unions on educating the student of University of Punjab about political participation
This study investigates the role that is being played by the student unions to educate the student of University of Punjab about political participation. This study aims to understand how these student unions effect students’ political awareness, participation and articulateness by exploring their actions, programs and dynamism. We apply a quantitative method in this research which includes surveys and case study. The research will gather detailed date on the amount to which student unions expedite political education and encourage active civic engagement among students. This work deals with the history and structure of student unions at the university of the Punjab and to understand how their organizational frameworks support or hinder political education efforts. The main focus of this study is to enhance the political knowledge of the university students. By understanding the perception of students regarding these unions, we can make sure that either the activities of these unions disturbing or effective. This study wants to highlight that how far the student unions can help the student of University of Punjab about politics and political activities. This also aims at how the findings could applicable tro other university of the world.
Awareness Level and adopted coping strategies to maintain mental health: An appraisal of undergraduates
The research is conducted to assess the mental health awareness and how it impacts the coping mechanism of person. In a total, 100 self-reported questionnaires were received. The results suggest majority area already aware of sign and symptoms of depression. The results of second construct coping mechanism show the most used coping mechanism of positive reframing mean (3.86) followed by using religion as coping (3.80), then the adaptive mechanism of planning (3.65). It also that people are also divergent to use the method of active coping with mean of (3.59), it followed by the maladaptive technique of self-denial (3.54). The Pearson correlation test has shown a strong correlation of (.582) between the independent variable of awareness and dependent variable i.e., coping. Then the regression analysis and especially ANOVA test further confirm the correlation with significance (.00) that shows a significant relation of both variables. The findings suggest a strong relation exist between the mental health awareness and coping mechanism. The greater the mental health awareness is, the more effectively the person can utilize the adaptive way to cope with depression. Proper counseling facilities and healthier avenues for recreation should also be provided.