Research Journal of Human and Social Aspects
The Research Journal of Human and Social Aspects (RJHSA) is an open-access, double-blind, peer-reviewed international journal that includes empirical research, theoretical articles, case studies, systematic literature reviews, and meta-analyses. The journal is approved by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan for the year 2026-2027 from April 2026 to December 2027. The journal team is striving hard to get it indexed with the Directory of Open Access Journals and other relevant prestigious indexing agencies. By keeping in view the mission of the Publisher, the Centre for Children Literacy and Lifelong Learning, the RJHSA focuses on research topics i.e., Education and Lifelong Learning, Sociology and Social Policy, Psychological Sciences, Political Science and Governance, Human Rights and Social Justice, Cultural and Communication Studies, Gender and Identity, Economics, Business and Management Sciences, etc. For details, visit Aim & Scope Desk Review Time: 1 week (Average) Peer-review Process: 8 weeks (Average) Acceptance Rate: 58% Note: The Journal did not charge any submission or processing fees however, it charges a minimal publication fees to the authors. For detailed guidance, visit Author Guidelines and Publication Fees and Funding details
Centre for Children Literacy and Lifelong Learning
Post 18th Constitutional Amendment Politics of Ethno-Nationalism And Provincialism in Pakistan
This paper mainly focuses on the rising politics of ethno-nationalism and provincialism in Pakistan even after the 18th Constitutional Amendment. The 18th Constitutional Amendment was incorporated into the Constitution of Pakistan-1973 in 2010. The main objective of the 18th Constitutional Amendment was to provide a constitutional response to the grievances of the comprising ethnic identities in the state. It restructured federalism with provincial autonomy that redefined center-provinces relations in Pakistan. The said amendment yet reinvigorated the politics of ethno-nationalism and provincialism in the state. This paper aims to investigate the question of provincial autonomy and ethno-nationalist politics in the post 18th Constitutional Amendment era. The difference between theory and practice with respect to the federal political system under the 18th Constitutional Amendment has given birth to sense of deprivation among ethnic identities of the country. Utilizing primary and secondary sources, the paper focuses on the persistence of socio-economic and political grievances of ethnic identities and provinces in the country. This research study while employing qualitative analytical approach examines the politics of ethno-nationalism and provincialism through the lenses of theory of federalism in the post 18th Constitutional federal set-up in Pakistan.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hamidul Haq, Dr. Manzoor Ahmad Naazer (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Generative AI and Augmented Business Analytics for Managerial Decision-Making: A Scopus-Based Bibliometric and Thematic Analysis, 2019-2026
The business landscape is changing with the introduction of generative AI and augmented analytics, which transform business intelligence from descriptive reporting to a more conversational experience, from automatic insight generation to the ability to explain decisions or use AI to guide managerial judgment. In this study, fragmentation is tackled by conducting a bibliometric and thematic analysis of 92 documents retrieved between 2019 and 2026 from the Scopus database. The analysis includes performance analysis, citation analysis, country and source mapping, keyword co-occurrence, bibliographic coupling and thematic mapping using Bibliometrix/Biblioshiny, and Excel. The results indicate a young field that is growing quickly with 77.2% of documents published in 2025-2026, and an annual growth rate of 63.32%. The corpus is dominated by conference papers, which reflects the early dissemination of knowledge, and the core conceptual vocabulary includes business intelligence, large language models, artificial intelligence, generative AI, natural language processing and augmented analytics. The thematic structure indicates that the field is characterized by a focus on decision making, language models and business intelligence, and the need for trust, explainability, effectiveness of validation, data governance and human-AI collaboration is not fully integrated. The study makes a significant contribution by shifting the focus from GenAI as a mere technical extension of BI to a new decision-intelligence capability. It also proposes a conceptual framework linking generative AI, augmented analytics, business analytics capability, managerial decision quality, governance mechanisms and business performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Khurram Shahzad Khan, Dr. Maseehullah, Mr. Sajid Yaqoob, Ms. Hina Jamil (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Great Decoupling: A Case Study of US Foreign Policy Toward China and the Paradox of Strategic Realignment (2020–2025)
This research studies the strategic realignment in the U.S. and China from 2020 to 2025, pointing on the contradiction of the Great Decoupling between two of the most powerful states in the world. Through worldwide trade links, source chains, and assets runs, the United States and China remain to be intensely linked despite their progressively acute monetary decoupling, technical competition, and armed hostility. Both states and the greater worldwide power system expect severe problems as a consequence of this paradox, which syndicates geopolitical competition with monetary interdependence. The research employs a qualitative case study methodology, applying primary and secondary sources to assess how both powers' policies and strategies have altered in response to struggles in them. Significant suppositions demonstrate that the trade clash in the United States and China, technological disengagement in fields like 5G and artificial intelligence (AI), and the growing armed rivalry of the Indo-Pacific region have backed to the growing strains. There are still diplomatic ways advancing predominantly in fields like climate variation and worldwide health. The research discovers the tactical inconsistency where the two states, as they are rival in their domains which are significant to their world power, must cooperate in subjects of mutual interest. The outcomes designate that the worldwide monetary is still improbable to become fully decoupled because of the interconnection in the two monitories, but the existing tactical competition in the U.S. and China is redefining the upcoming of global power, as well as the method of global trade.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khizra Naeem, Tallat Yasmin, Shehar Bano (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Pakistan's Foreign Policy Towards Iran and Saudi Arabia Strategic Balancing and Geopolitical Challenges, 2015-2025
Foreign policy of Pakistan with regard to Iran and Saudi Arabia has had to consider the complex geopolitical situation in which the foreign policy of Pakistan is highly linked with security, economic and financial issues, ideological and great-power pressures. This research analyzes how these geopolitical trends affect Pakistan's foreign policy approach and strategic equilibrium in relation to Iran and Saudi Arabia. On this score, as the findings are given in the report, the foreign policy of the country can be interpreted as strategic hedging rather than non-alignment. In Pakistan’s case, strategic hedging becomes clear when one notes that Islamabad has retained its economic and military relations with Saudi Arabia and maintains its border security with Iran. The research employs a qualitative, explanatory and analytical case study approach utilizing primary data sources and secondary data sources. The study concludes that Pakistan has managed to keep away any major diplomatic confrontation with either Saudi Arabia or Iran, although there is still the issue of its economic dependency, its vulnerability to sanctions, frontier insecurity, and changes in its regional alliances. This research paper recommends that future policy should ensure that Pakistan develops an explicit national interest paradigm, decrease dependence on unilateral bailouts, improve multilateral diplomacy, and carefully take advantage of Chinese diplomacy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shehar Bano, Tallat Yasmin, Khizra Naeem (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Opium and Tea: Imperial Exchanges and the Strategic Positioning of British India Relations with China
The influence of Britain upon the Chinese and Indian economies is discussed through the analysis of the interaction between trade, diplomacy, and inner dynamics during this time period. The article focuses on the interaction between Britain, China and British India from the middle of nineteenth century to the middle of twentieth century. The main features of Sino-British relations were determined by the development of the British Empire, the problems in China and their influence on the neighbouring countries. The main role of Britain played the British East India Company, especially the activity of the company in trading, particularly in opium trade, which affected greatly the Chinese economy. The main historical events, which were used for research, were mentioned at the key points: The Opium Wars and the subsequent agreements, which favored the British interests in this region. Besides, the research deals with the role of British India in the trans-Himalayan trade, which connected India and China with Tibet, Nepal and other neighbours.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sumaira Noreen, Qurratulain Rehan, Mahnoor Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Expansion of BRICS and its Implications for Western-led Economic System
The rise of BRICS has more ramifications for the western economic system that has been dominated by the World Bank and IMF since WW2. BRICS is growing and introducing new partners from various parts of the world and transforming the world towards multipolarity. BRICS is functioning as an alternative to the western economic system, and it is a challenge to the hegemony of the US Dollar. The more the members of the club increase, the more the power distribution is tilted in the global economy. Its effective role is, however, undermined by very significant political, economic, and structural difficulties both internally and externally. The World System theory explains the developing countries represented in BRICS, were afforded little say in international political and economic matters. The research is based on qualitative analysis by using secondary data. The BRICS expansion through its growing population and the economic output makes it stronger to challenge the western economic system. However, it has significant internal and external challenges like lack of central authority and different levels of economic development of its member states, that reduces its effectiveness. The research signifies the role of BRICS to contest the hegemonic power of western institutions, but it does not completely deny or change the western economic system, but it is reshaping the system to be more inclusive.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ms. Mubashra Bibi, Ms. Hadia Parveen, Dr. Tayba Anwar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Impact of Social Media on Voting Behavior in Pakistan: A Case Study of 2024 Elections
The fast pace of development of social media has altered the way political communication in Pakistan has been undertaken especially in the 2024 General Elections. This paper will examine the role of social media on voter behaviors of university students in the three aspects of political awareness, engagement, and voting. The mixed-methods approach will be used to collect data from 160 students using an online questionnaire with close- and open-ended questions by using SPSS. Additionally, qualitative data will be collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 respondents. This paper will apply the Uses and Gratification theory, which describes how people use social media platforms for their own motives. Results will clarify that social networks such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter/X, TikTok, WhatsApp, and YouTube has a major influence on the political awareness, political discourse, and voting behavior of students. Nevertheless, issues of misinformation, propaganda, and unbalanced access to digital devices each became apparent. The paper provides a two-fold benefit of social media as an instrument of political empowerment and a possible source of manipulation to inform policymakers, educators, and political actors on how to promote digital literacy and healthy online practices and reinforce democratic representation in Pakistan.
Copyright (c) 2026 Farwa Khalid, Dr. Adeel Irfan, Ifra Khalid (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Passenger and Operational Perceptions of Terminal Congestion, Waste Management, and Bird Strike Risk at a Capacity Constrained Hub Airport
This paper presents findings from a cross sectional survey of passengers (N = 93) and two semi structured interviews with the Deputy Airport Manager (Operations) at JIA, conducted in December 2024, to explore the perceptions of the three pressures at JIA. Descriptive responses show a general lack of satisfaction with airport congestion, a strong positive response to infrastructure modernity, a majority believe there is a connection between waste accumulation in the area and the risk of birds striking an aircraft, and a more mixed opinion of the airport's environmental performance and comfort of the waiting areas. Staff reporting confirms that all wildlife is being patrolled reactively and that waste is being separated from the rest of the garbage but that there is no systematic work done to modify habitats or to communicate to the public the risks and potential hazards. The 20-item survey instrument had good overall internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.88), however, the survey was convenience sampled with no sampling frame and 12 of the 17 responses were not completed, and the qualitative text is based on only two interviews. No claims are made. The paper is a documented, cited report of a data scarce case at a time of current capital investment, and a replicable protocol for a more rigorous study that this case still needs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Malaika Imran, Asim Iqbal, Syed Abdullah bin Shariq, Abdul Samad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
School Leadership Factors and Green School Effectiveness in Model Schools of Islamabad: A Correlational Study
The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the school leadership factors and the impact of the green school in the model secondary schools in Islamabad. It specifically aims to identify the relationship between leadership competencies, financial resources, and teachers' collaboration, and their relationship to the effective implementation of green school practices. A quantitative correlational research design was used. The teachers and school heads from the Model Secondary Schools under the Federal Directorate of Education (FDE), Islamabad, participated in the study. 200 respondents were randomly selected. Structured questionnaires were used as a data collection tool. Items were adapted from the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) developed by Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2004) for the measurement of skills related to leadership, and 45 items were adapted from recent research on green schools and sustainable educational practices. IBM SPSS Statistics Version 27 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used to answer the research objectives. The findings indicated a positive relationship between leadership skills, financial resources, and teacher cooperation and the effectiveness of the green school. Of these, leadership skills showed the highest relationship, teacher cooperation had a moderate positive relationship, and financial resources had a moderate positive relationship. The results indicate that good leadership, adequate funding, and good teamwork between teachers facilitate the successful implementation of environmental work in schools. The study offers valuable information for Model Schools leaders, teachers, and education policymakers to enhance environmental sustainability and green school practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Farah Gul, Dr. Asghar Abbas, Dr. Tanzeela Urooj (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Children's Interpretations of Digital Islamic Narratives and Parents' Perceptions of Their Religious and Educational Credibility: A Qualitative Audience Reception Study
The present study is a descriptive qualitative research that examines the meaning making process of children comprehended from the digital Islamic narratives as well as parents' judgment of the religious and educational value of the meaningful parents. The study was based on Audience Reception Theory which involves semi-structured interviews with six children and five parents, using purposive sampling. Data from interviews were analyzed thematically according to the thematic analysis method proposed by Braun and Clarke, with the assistance of NVivo software. The results reveal that children are not passive recipients of digital Islamic stories, but rather are actively involved and derive moral lessons from the storytelling, animation, and visual elements. The parents, in turn, feel these stories can be helpful for teaching Islamic values and for development of moral values and principles, provided they are accurate and in line with the Qur'an and Sunna. The findings of this study are valuable in outlining the significant role of digital media in the religious education of children, as well as explaining the importance of parental guidance and the presence of reliable Islamic media.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rukh-e-Zahra Bukhari, Sidra Bukhari, Ain ul Batool, Aiman Liaqat (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Benevolence, Belonging and the Global Citizen: A Hermeneutic Study of Teacher Education in Post-colonial Pakista
This study examines the experience of pre-service teachers in the Punjab region of Pakistan with regard to global citizenship education (GCE) in their pre-service teacher education programs. There are many examples of the one-way transportation of global citizenship curricula designed in the Global North to post-colonial settings that lack intentional consideration of the respective local processes of meaning-making. This research sought to answer the question of how belonging, benevolence, and pre-service teachers’ positioning themselves as global citizens make sense in a national education system affected by colonial legacy. A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used, and 22 semi-structured interviews were conducted with pre-service teachers from three teacher education institutions in Punjab. The interviews were transcribed with AI-assisted transcription software and analysed in NVivo 15 with AI-supported coding in an iterative interpretive writing process based on van Manen’s approach. Four themes were generated: understanding teaching as a legacy of obligations, ambivalence about global belonging, benevolence as a disposition, and the classroom as a site of quiet resistance. The results show that there is no abstract ideal of global citizenship for pre-service teachers; rather, it involves a sense of tension between being rooted in the local and imported notions of global responsibility. This study contributes to the scholarship on post-colonial teacher education by showing how the element of benevolence that is typically taken for granted within teacher education can also become a “colonial legacy” as an unexamined element in shaping teacher identity in certain ways. The implications for teacher education policy and curriculum design in Pakistan and other post-colonial contexts are discussed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Tahira Batool Bokhari, Dr. Naima Qureshi, Razia Boota, Dr Yaar Muhammad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Productive Dispositions of Non-formal Basic Education School Teachers Regarding Teaching Mathematics in Punjab, Pakistan
Productive dispositions are an essential dimension of teacher competence because they influence instructional practices. Although mathematics teachers’ competence has traditionally been examined through knowledge & understanding and performance& skills, limited attention has been given to teachers' productive dispositions, particularly within non-formal education settings. This study investigates the productive dispositions demonstrated by non-formal basic education (NFBE) teachers regarding teaching mathematics in Punjab, Pakistan. A descriptive research design was employed using structured interviews with 30 NFBE teachers using the proportionate cluster sampling technique. The interview protocol was developed around five dimensions of professional disposition: enthusiasm, self-confidence, perseverance, reflective and contextualized mathematics teaching practice, and willingness to share. Data were analysed through deductive thematic analysis by organizing participants' responses into predefined themes and codes. Results of the structured interview show that non-formal teachers generally demonstrated productive dispositions that contribute to teaching of mathematics in the context of non-formal education, despite teaching in resource-constrained environments
Copyright (c) 2026 Hira Amir, Dr. Intzar Hussain Butt, Dr. Ghazal Khalid Siddiqui, Dr. Asma Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Artificial Intelligence Adoption and Organisational Performance: The Mediating Role of Knowledge Management Capability
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an important organisational capability that supports decision-making, service innovation, process redesign, and operational efficiency across industries. Despite increasing organisational investment in AI technologies, evidence on how AI translates into superior organisational performance remains inconclusive. Drawing on the Resource-Based View (RBV) and the Knowledge-Based View (KBV), this study proposes that Knowledge Management Capability (KMC) explains how AI adoption contributes to organisational performance. It suggests that implementing AI has a positive effect on network performance, particularly by strengthening KMC, namely knowledge acquisition, sharing, storage, and use. The study develops and validates a mediation model to investigate the relationships among AI adoption, KMC, and organisational performance across operational, financial, and innovation dimensions. For managers and/or professionals in digitally transforming organisations, a positivist, deductive, and quantitative cross-sectional survey design is specified. AI adoption positively influences organisational performance; AI adoption positively influences KMC; KMC positively influences organisational performance, which AI-Performance partially mediates due to AI; and KMC does not have any causality. This study contributes to the literature by integrating RBV and KBV to explain the mechanism through which AI adoption improves organisational performance. It further demonstrates that knowledge management capability functions as a critical organisational capability linking AI-enabled resources with operational, financial, and innovation outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Afshan Bibi, Muhammad Atif Ur Rahman, Manoj Kumar Gupta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Digital Identity, Youth Vulnerability and Online Extremism in Pakistan: A Qualitative Study
This study investigates the relationship between Digital identity, vulnerability of youth and online extremism in Pakistan where the psychological, social, economic and technological factors are discussed that make young people more vulnerable to extremist messages in digital space. The qualitative research design was used, secondary data collection from peer-reviewed literature, policy reports, government publications and international organization documents. Thematic analysis was used to determine the central themes of online radicalization and assess the counter-extremism measures currently in place. The results show that a combination of identity crisis, social exclusion, financial insecurities, political grievance, low social bond, and algorithm-based digital ecosystem amplify the vulnerability of Pakistani youth towards extremist ideologies. The analysis also suggests that online radicalization is not a purely technological phenomenon, but is the product of the interplay between the individual vulnerability(s) and the wider structural situation. The study highlights the need to adopt a multi-dimensional approach to digital literacy, critical thinking, inclusive education, community engagement, mental health care provision, youth empowerment and policy co-ordination for effective prevention. The research takes a different approach by focusing on Pakistan's specific demographic and digital context and provides actionable recommendations for policy, teaching, civil society and technology players to help prevent violent extremism. The results highlight the importance of working preventatively and in a research-informed way, to build youth resilience and foster safe, inclusive and democratic digital environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ata Muhammad, Aziz Nasir, Muhammad Umar Niaz, Kinza Tariq (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Examining the Impact of ChatGPT-Assisted Academic Writing on the Writing Performance and Critical Thinking Skills of Undergraduate Students in Pakistan
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly emerged in higher education, and its potential for education and teaching, particularly in academic writing and critical thinking, remains a subject of controversy. This Quasi-experimental study, using a mixed-methods approach, investigated the efficacy of utilising ChatGPT for academic writing on students' academic writing performance and whether the guided use of ChatGPT had a positive impact on students' critical thinking. An experimental group received assignments involving brainstorming, outlining, reading suggestions, revising, and source checking using ChatGPT for 10 weeks, while the control group received the same writing tasks using conventional writing instruction. The hypothetical sample consisted of 120 undergraduates from three universities in Pakistan, with equal numbers of females and males, students from three academic years, and from different disciplines. Data were gathered using the writing outcome instrument, critical thinking assessment, semi-structured interviews with students, student reflections, and open-ended responses to the student surveys. Higher post-test achievement was observed in the experimental group across organisation, coherence, grammar, and argumentation. As students were asked to question and verify ChatGPT outputs and revise them rather than copy, gains in critical thinking were greatest in these areas of analysis and reflection. Qualitative themes identified were an increase in confidence, more coherent writing, learning facilitated by AI, reliance issues and the need for instructors' guidance. The study suggests that embedding ChatGPT within explicit AI literacy, academic integrity, and critical evaluation practices can support the development of writing in Pakistani universities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Tahira Jabeen, Dr. Samreen Mehmood, Dr. Mehwish Habib (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Climate-Induced Migration and Its Relationship with Radicalization, Conflict, and Regional Security Challenges: A Mixed-Methods Empirical Analysis
Climate change affects human mobility by increasing the frequency of floods, droughts, sea-level rise, and heat stress, and by desertification, disrupting livelihoods, but the security implications remain empirically contested. This article reviews how climate migration affects radicalisation, conflict, and regional security challenges, as well as the governance mechanisms that can minimise these risks. The study is a convergent mixed-methods design, and the secondary quantitative indicators include IDMC, UNHCR, IOM, ACLED, Global Terrorism Database, Global Terrorism Index, Fragile States Index, World Bank and IPCC assessments, while the qualitative case evidence is from Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Somalia, Sudan and Syria. Thematic coding, cross-case comparison, and pattern matching for qualitative analysis, and descriptive statistics, correlations, exploratory multiple regression, mediation, and moderation models for quantitative analysis are employed. The results reveal that there is no straightforward relationship between climate-induced migration and violence. The connection with violence is positive but low, and there are indications of 'radicalisation risk' where there is overlap with both displacement and socioeconomic marginalisation, the presence of armed groups and problematic access to land, water, jobs and services. Socioeconomic marginalisation is a factor in the dynamics between migration and conflict. At the same time, governance deficiencies also increase the likelihood that regional security stress will exacerbate migration and governance issues, including service delivery, border tensions, land issues, and conflict resolution. The study presents an empirically integrated framework that connects the fields of environmental security, human security, migration theory, and relative deprivation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fahad Khan, Taimoor Zeb Khan, Rabia Salim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Emerging Technologies and the Transformation of Terrorism: Challenges for International Security and Global Governance
Technology, especially in its current combination of artificial intelligence and cyber tools, drones, cryptocurrencies, encrypted platforms and algorithmically-managed social media, has made repeated adaptations to terrorism, all of which have led to a terrorist practice that is vastly different in scale, speed and anonymity, disrupting traditional models of countering terrorism. This article explores the implications of technological advances for terrorist activities by examining the extent to which current governance regimes are flexible enough to address technology-enabled terrorism. A pragmatic mixed-methods design, which uses systematic document analysis, descriptive quantification of patterns of technology use, and qualitative comparative case analysis, analyses 14 documented incidents and campaigns of terror between 2016– 2025. The data sources used were United Nations documents, FATF publications, the Global Terrorism Database, Europol and INTERPOL reports, government security assessments, and peer-reviewed scholarship. While the use of AI is in its early stages, generative systems already influence how propaganda is made, how falsehoods, deceit, and translations are produced, and who the target is. Governance frameworks have been scaled up, including via the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, the FATF virtual-asset standards, Europol and INTERPOL collaboration and coordination, as well as the regulation of online content and by means of initiatives for the governance of AI, but implementation has been partial and non-uniform across regions, and reactive. The article adds an integrated empirical-conceptual approach to understanding the technology of terror, treating it as a collection of individual tools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rabia Salim, Meena Gul, Fahad Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Building Academic Resilience in Mathematics: Teachers’ and School Administrators’ Perspectives from Secondary Schools in Quetta, Pakistan
This qualitative study explained the perceptions of teachers and school administrators of secondary school students regarding academic resilience in mathematics in Quetta. The semi-structured interviews were conducted from 20 participants which includes 10 mathematics school teachers and 10 school administrators from public and private secondary schools. The data were analyzed by using thematic analysis through which four major themes were identified (1) Socio-Economic and Cultural Barriers to Academic Resilience in Mathematics, (2) Pedagogical Strategies and Teacher Efficacy, (3) Institutional Support and Leadership Practices, (4) Student Mindset and Community Engagement. The findings indicate that academic resilience in mathematics is influenced by the interaction of individual, pedagogical, institutional, and contextual factors. According to these findings, the study proposes Quetta Mathematics Resilience Framework (QMRF) to provide a context-specific understanding of resilience in mathematics. The study offers practical implications for teachers, school leaders, and policymakers and contributes to growing literature on mathematics education and academic resilience in developing educational areas.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tooba Hameed, Dr.Muhammad Akhtar Kang (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Influence of HR Practices on Employee Performance: The Mediating Effect of Employee Engagement and Organizational Culture
This study focuses on the influence of the human resource practices on employee performance within the Pakistani organizations. The intervening mechanism is placed on employee engagement, and the organizational culture is regarded as a contextual factor that can enhance or undermine the engagement performance relationship. The results obtained from the responses collected from 350 employees and processed with the PLS-SEM software show that the success of the employees is significantly influenced by professional training programs, performance evaluation systems and competition-based reward policies both directly as well as indirectly through the intervening variable of employees' engagement. The analysis also confirms that the impact of the chosen HR practices is passed over to performance through employee engagement & organizational culture supports the connection in engagement and performance. The paper contributes to the literature on HRM since it clarifies how the HR practices, engagement, and culture work synergistically to promote performance within a developing economy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ismail Fahad Butt, Inam Ullah Khan, Umar Farooq, Sadaf Aslam (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Pakistan Counterterrorism Strategy and Military Operations Against Terrorism 2020-2025
Terrorism remain one of the major security risk for Pakistan in past few years. Regional dynamics after 2021 severely impacted the country internal security condition this has implications for counterterrorism policies and military operations. The article examines the counterterrorism policy and military activities in the period between 2020 and 2025 the policy dynamics of adapting to the evolving security situation and revival of terrorism post 2021. It is a qualitative study based on secondary sources upon which the research is made academic articles, government report, policy documents, and policy analysis by credible news sources to evaluate the counterterrorism framework of Pakistan. The findings have shown that Pakistan has shifted its previous pattern of running the military operations in large scale to the intelligence based operations and the target counterterrorism operations. Among the major security threats are militant groups such as, Tarik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), Islamic State of Iraq and Syria-Khorasan (ISIS-K) and Baloch Insurgents. The National Counter Terrorism Authority, the Radd-ul-Fasaad and Azm-e-istehkam operations have played a key role in reducing terrorist activities and improving internal security yet the issue continues along the borders and conflict affected regions. The findings of the research lead to the conclusion that the counterterrorism policy in Pakistan is now more intelligence based and dynamic but the long term peace and stability require more active policy regional cooperation and elimination of the provocators of extremism.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eman Saleem, Tallat Yasmin, Shahzeen Dogar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Assessing the role of Information and communication Technologies in Farmer’s Knowledge of Agricultural Innovations
This study analyzed the Assessing the role of Information and communication Technologies in Farmer’s Knowledge of Agriculture Innovations. It refers to technologies that provide access to information through telecommunications. It is similar to Information Technology (IT) but focuses primarily on communication technologies. This includes the Internet, Radio, and Television, WhatsApp, messages, cell phones and other communication mediums. To explore how ICTs are helping Pakistani farmers to know about advanced agricultural technologies the researcher adopted survey technique and generated a questionnaire to collect data from respondents. The population of current study consisted on farmers of different rural areas of Lahore and Faisalabad Districts. Sample size of current study was 250 farmers and data is collected through convenience sampling technique. Frequency distribution of the data is calculated by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). This research explored the needs of ICTs for the farmers and measures the attitude of farmers towards ICTs. ICTs are becoming the basic need of the farmers and for this purpose education about ICTs is necessary for the farmers as well as for the development of Agriculture sector of the Pakistan as agriculture sector is the backbone of the country.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ume Kalsoom Rashida, Neelam Saba, Dr. Imran Muslim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Sovereign Territorialities and Environmental Challenges: Regional Environmental Complexes, Polycentric Regimes, and Climate Governance in South Asia
South Asia is among the most climate vulnerable regions in the world, but its environmental governance is stuck in a state-driven political framework. This paper looks at the conflict of sovereignty and trans-boundary ecological systems in South Asia. It presents suggestions that the challenge of climate change in the region is not only a ‘technical' one of adaptation, but also a ‘diplomatic' one of weak cooperation. It is a structural governance issue that emerges when two logics clash: the tragedy of the commons (where shared ecological systems are "taken for granted" by actors acting at their own level of authority) and the sovereignty dilemma (that states do not wish to be bound by regional institutions due to the fact that territorial sovereignty is the dominant norm for regional politics). The paper builds on the notion that “Regional Environmental Complex” is a term for ecological systems that extend beyond state boundaries and need to be governed beyond the limitations of national planning. These complexes comprise the Himalayan cryosphere, the Indus-Ganga-Brahmaputra river systems, the Indo-Gangetic airshed and the larger delta zone of the Bay of Bengal. The paper links this concept with regime theory and polycentric governance in international policy development, and posits the concept of Regional Environmental Complexes as sub-regional ecological regime complexes within a wider climate regime complex.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Sehar Sabir, Dr. Shah Rukh Hashmi , Sumayya Bibi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Silent Pressure: A Phenomenological Study of the Mental-Health Impact of Student Political Groups on Non-Political University Students in Pakistan
This study explored how non-political university students experience and relate to the presence of student political groups on their campus, with particular attention to their mental health and well-being. While scholarship on campus politics in Pakistan is extensive, it has concentrated on political activists, leaving the large, largely silent non-political majority under-examined. This study, which took an interpretivist-phenomenological approach, interviewed 16 purposefully sampled, non-political university students from a public-sector university in Lahore by means of semi-structured interviews that were subsequently analysed using reflexive thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2006). It was underpinned by the spirality of silence, social identity theory, and the transactional model of stress and coping. A six theme set was generated, which reflected on implicit monitoring, self-censorship, compromised routines, stress and emotional suffering, diversified responses, and the need for neutral and safe environments. The researchers concluded that rather than explicit intimidation, perceived political threat materialises in self-imposed silent vigilance at the cost of self-expression, sense of belonging and university life. Neutrality needed to be safeguarded and confidential, depoliticized support service needs to be instituted.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hafiz Muhammad Noman Saeed, Zobia Kanwal, Naveed ur Rehman Hashmi, Khurram Shahzad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Gendered Impacts of Economic Sanctions on Women’s Socioeconomic Rights in Iran
This study examines the gendered influences of economic sanctions on womens socioeconomic rights in Iran. Depiction on feminist political economy and human security frameworks, the studies argues that sanctions are not gender-independent as a substitute, they intensify existing social and economic inequalities that disproportionately have an effect on women. The study explores how prolonged sanctions have recommended Iranian womens access to employment possibilities, profits protection, entrepreneurship, healthcare, schooling, and other vital social offerings. It further highlights the opinions of susceptible groups, along with horrific women, rural communities, and lady-headed households, who face multiple layers of marginalization underneath monetary guidelines. The findings monitor that sanctions have contributed to growing poverty, reduced womens participation in the labor marketplace, accelerated financial dependency, and restricted get admission to less expensive healthcare and education. In addition, the worsening monetary situations have strengthened traditional gender roles and slowed development towards gender equality and womens empowerment in Iran. By arranging womens lived reports, this study gives a deeper knowledge of the humanitarian results of sanctions and emphasizes the significance of adopting gender-touchy procedures in global economic and political regulations. The research concludes that sanctions no longer best create financial problem however additionally undermine womens socioeconomic rights and long-time period human protection.
Copyright (c) 2025 Research Journal of Human and Social Aspects https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
From Marginalization to Reformation: A Socio-Ecological Analysis of Juvenile Delinquency and Rehabilitative Efficacy in District Jail Lahore
This research work highlights the issues of “Juvenile Delinquency” in the criminal justice system of Pakistan. It examines the social, economic and psychological factors that compels minors into criminal activities. Major Key factors of juvenile delinquency that came out after the study interviews of the minors indicate that Poverty, broken family, Domestic Violence, wrong peer group’s influence, vulnerability to different gangs and lack of education are prime contributors to juvenile crimes. This study also sheds light on the role of Pakistan’s Legal Frame work and the working of Criminal Justice System including Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) 1860, Juvenile Justice System Act of 2018 and different Provincial child protections laws dealing with Juvenile offenders. This study also explores the facilities of education, sports, vocational training, healthcare and religious learning available to these minors in the Juvenile ward of District Jail Lahore and what kind of impact these facilities are creating on the minor offenders of jail. The policies and strategies which are addressing these juvenile delinquents confined in different jails of Pakistan need more and effective reforms.
Copyright (c) 2024 Research Journal of Human and Social Aspects https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Digital Health Landscape in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Public and Private Sector Web Services
As internet technologies continue to transform organizational workflows, the delivery of health services has increasingly shifted toward digital platforms. This study evaluates the content, design, and accessibility of 15 major health-related websites in Pakistan, ranging from federal ministries to private organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO). Using a multi-stage search methodology via Google, the research assesses these platforms based on established criteria including content depth, aesthetic appeal, authority of source, and currency of information. Findings reveal that while all selected websites offer free access and provide critical public service information, their user experience varies significantly. Many government portals lack mobile responsiveness and consistent updates, though some platforms, such as the KPK Health Department, have successfully integrated interactive features like "Citizen’s Corners". The study concludes that while Pakistan has established a foundational digital health presence, there is an urgent need for enhanced interactivity, regular content maintenance, and improved user-centric design to better serve the general public, patients, and caregivers.
Barriers to Eradication: Assessing Community Perceptions and Vaccination Practices Against Polio in Bannu, Pakistan
Pakistan remains one of the last global strongholds for the wild poliovirus (WPV), with the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, specifically districts like Bannu, facing persistent challenges to eradication. This study evaluates community perceptions and vaccination practices in Bannu to identify the socio-cultural and structural barriers hindering immunization efforts. Utilizing a quantitative review of existing literature and regional data, the study identifies widespread misconceptions, including the belief that vaccines are a tool for family planning or are religiously impermissible. Results indicate that while general awareness of polio exists, trust in government-sponsored initiatives is low due to security concerns, financial constraints, and a lack of health literacy among local influencers. The research highlights that the intersection of religious restrictions and social traditionalism accounts for a 90% refusal rate in certain high-risk demographics. To achieve a polio-free status, the study recommends socially sensitive training for local journalists, direct community mobilization through trusted religious leaders, and improved management of immunization supply chains to bridge the gap between awareness and vaccine acceptance.
The Nexus of Parental Involvement and Socio-Cultural Dynamics in Shaping Children’s Reading Habits: A Systematic Review of Global Literacy Practices
This study investigates the critical role of parental involvement in the development of children's reading habits through a systematic analysis of existing global literature. Utilizing a robust methodology, the research synthesizes findings from major academic databases including Scopus, ERIC, and Google Scholar to examine how home literacy environments, parental educational levels, and socio-economic status intersect to influence childhood literacy. The results underscore that parental engagement is not a monolithic construct but a multi-dimensional influence encompassing the provision of reading materials, interactive reading sessions, and the modeling of reading behaviors. Socio-cultural factors emerge as significant mediators, where the home literacy environment acts as a bridge between formal schooling and informal habit formation. The study reveals that active parental interaction significantly correlates with higher reading motivation and comprehension skills in children. However, disparities in socio-economic status often limit the quality of resources available, creating a "literacy gap" in early childhood. This research concludes that fostering sustainable reading habits requires a collaborative approach between the family unit and educational institutions. Recommendations focus on implementing community-based parental training programs and enhancing home-school literacy partnerships to ensure equitable reading development across diverse social strata.
Child Abuse and its impact on Mental Health
Child abuse is a widespread and complex issue which happens to affect millions of children worldwide. The environment of family, bonds between parent-child, and parenting methods have high level of impact on children's mental health and personality. However, some parents knowingly or unknowingly end up hurting their children, which results in affecting them negatively creating an unstable personality and mindset. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that six out of 10 children of 5years below or above undergo physical and psychological violence. Child abuse leads to outcome of lifelong mental instability and disconnection with people, also physical harm includes impaired immune and nervous system development. Children who go through intense physical abuse often experience psychological health problems, including headaches, cancer, heart disease, and substance abuse. Long-term consequences include mental and physical health problems, such as inflammatory bowel disease, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and heart disease. Addressing child abuse in any society requires cooperation from society, government and institutions so we can avoid and alleviate its destructive effects
The Impact of Parental Involvement on the Development of Children’s Reading Habits: A Systematic Review of Domestic and Educational Interventions
This study systematically investigates the correlation between parental involvement and the formation of sustainable reading habits in children. Utilizing a multi-dimensional search strategy across databases such as ERIC, PsycINFO, and Education Source, the research synthesizes diverse viewpoints on family engagement in literacy. The findings underscore that parental activity is a primary determinant of a child’s reading behavior, extending beyond simple supervision to include active modeling and the creation of a dynamic home literacy environment. The study identifies that when parents engage in shared reading, provide diverse literacy materials, and demonstrate a personal valuation of reading, children exhibit significantly higher levels of reading motivation and comprehension. However, barriers such as limited parental time and lack of resources in low socio-economic households remain significant challenges. The research concludes that a "culture of reading" is most effectively fostered when home-based activities are synchronized with school-led initiatives. Recommendations include the development of parent-teacher collaborative frameworks and community-based literacy programs to empower parents as the primary architects of their children’s intellectual growth.